Business & Strategy

Capital formation, liquidity, price discovery, and risk management in theory and practice Abstract Financial markets are often described as the “circulatory system” of modern economies because they mobilize savings, finance investment, and distribute risk. This paper explains how financial markets promote economic growth and innovation through (i) capital formation in…

Financial intermediaries connect savers with borrowers by pooling funds, transforming maturities and liquidity, diversifying and pricing risk, and reducing information and transaction costs. This paper develops an academic overview of the major types of intermediaries—depository institutions, contractual savings institutions, and investment intermediaries—then explains the economic logic of intermediation through foundational…

Introduction Global financial markets are complex, adaptive systems in which capital is allocated and financial risks are transferred among heterogeneous participants. These participants—ranging from households investing for retirement to institutions executing large-scale asset allocation and risk management—jointly generate liquidity, price discovery, and capital formation. Financial markets, broadly defined as venues…

Introduction Financial markets are structured systems in which buyers and sellers exchange financial instruments such as bonds, stocks, derivatives, and foreign exchange. These markets are foundational to modern economies, enabling the efficient allocation of capital, risk management, and price discovery. They serve a range of participants including individual investors, corporations,…

Financial markets are foundational to economic activity, enabling the exchange of financial assets, efficient capital allocation, risk management, price discovery, and liquidity provision. This paper examines the economic and operational dimensions of financial markets, reviews key theoretical and empirical contributions from the literature, and discusses how these markets shape economic…

Abstract:This paper explores the psychological and cognitive frameworks that differentiate billionaires from the general population. Beyond access to capital or resources, billionaires exhibit distinct mindsets characterized by high risk tolerance, strategic thinking, innovation, and resilience. Drawing on research in behavioral economics, cognitive psychology, and entrepreneurship, the paper examines the core…

Here’s the corrected version with proper links and formatting for your text: Unlock Your Business Potential: The Best Banks and Lenders Offering No-Doc Business Loans For entrepreneurs and small business owners, accessing quick and convenient financing can make a significant difference in seizing opportunities and scaling operations. However, traditional bank…

Disputing errors on your credit report is one of the most effective ways to improve your credit score and ensure that your credit profile accurately reflects your financial history. However, many people overlook an essential first step: cleaning up their personal information on their credit report. This simple, often-missed action…

AbstractBusiness financing is crucial to the development and growth of enterprises, influencing their capacity to innovate, expand, and compete in the global marketplace. This paper explores various methods of business financing, from equity and debt financing to venture capital and government grants, analyzing their advantages and limitations. It also discusses…

Personal saving plays a pivotal role in building financial security and resilience. By consciously setting aside a portion of one’s income, individuals create a safety net that can cushion them during economic uncertainties, such as job loss, medical emergencies, or unexpected expenses (Madura, 2020). The concept of personal saving is…